Reducing the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress by Utilizing Compost Tea and Effective Microorganisms to Enhance the Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants

One of the worst environmental conditions limiting crop plant productivity is salinity. As a result, ecologically friendly methods are urgently needed to boost development and yield wheat growing on saltine soils. Two-year field studies examine effects applying compost tea (CT) effective microorganisms (EMs; Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas koreensis, Bacillus circulans) growth two cultivars, namely Sids 12 as salinity susceptible cultivar Misr 1 resistant cultivar, under salt-affected The findings corroborated our hypothesis that, in comparison control individual applications EM or CT, combined application (EM + CT) significantly improved growth, yield, uptake nutrients, photosynthetic characteristics. Furthermore, markedly (p ≤ 0.05) boosted antioxidant enzymes. Our research showed that combination treatment could increase soil microbial activity activate critical enzymes, primarily dehydrogenase urease. In general, has demonstrated good effect terms stimulating raising element concentrations salt stress.